Genetic Disorders: Types and Inheritance
Understanding Genetic Inheritance
Genetics plays a crucial role in determining our physical and biological characteristics. Genetic disorders arise when changes occur in the DNA, leading to abnormal function or health conditions. Understanding the different types of genetic inheritance is essential for comprehending the diverse spectrum of genetic disorders.Types of Genetic Inheritance
There are four primary types of genetic inheritance patterns:Autosomal Dominant In this pattern, a single copy of a mutated gene is sufficient to cause the disorder. The affected individual inherits the mutant allele from one parent who may or may not have the condition themselves. Examples include Huntington's disease and Marfan syndrome.
Autosomal Recessive In this scenario, both copies of the gene must carry the mutation for the disorder to manifest. The affected individual inherits one mutated allele from each parent, who are typically carriers but do not show signs of the condition. Examples include cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anemia.
X-Linked These disorders are linked to the X chromosome. Since males have only one X chromosome and females have two, males are more likely to be affected by X-linked disorders. Examples include hemophilia and color blindness.
Mitochondrial Mitochondrial disorders are unique because they are inherited only from the mother. Mitochondrial DNA is not inherited from the father and is not subject to recombination during meiosis. Examples include Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy and mitochondrial encephalomyopathy.
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